1776
In February 1776, as the rebellion intensified, the Continental Congress was actively debating the future of the colonies. By mid-February, notes from John Adams indicate discussions regarding the preparation of a “firm Confederation” to be recommended to the various colonial assemblies.
1777
During the “Forage War,” New Jersey was a hotbed of daily violence as British troops tried to gather supplies. On February 12, 1777, a British foraging party clashed with American militia near Quibbletown (modern-day Piscataway/New Market). General Cornwallis sent out a large detachment to gather hay and livestock. New Jersey militia and Continental troops harassed the British flanks so relentlessly that the British were forced to retreat back to New Brunswick, often losing more men in these “small” skirmishes than they did in pitched battles.
1779
The New Jersey coast was on high alert. Documents from the time show that British forces on Staten Island were preparing a raid on Elizabethtown (Elizabeth). Because the Arthur Kill waterway was frozen or semi-frozen in mid-February, British “Refugees” (Loyalists) frequently crossed over to kidnap local patriot officials or burn supplies. This led to the reinforcement of the Jersey Line under Brigadier General William Maxwell to protect the coastline.
1781
During the war, Spanish forces successfully took Fort St. Joseph, located in present-day Niles, Michigan, on February 12, 1781.
1782
On February 11 and 12, 1782, a skirmish occurred at Deep River in Randolph County, North Carolina. This engagement between Loyalist Colonel David Fanning and Captain Charles Gholson resulted in a draw with no losses on either side, leading to a truce.
The war in NJ had turned into a “civil war” between neighbors. On February 12, records indicate increased activity to stop the “London Trade”—illegal smuggling between NJ farmers and the British in New York. Patriot authorities in Monmouth and Essex counties were authorized to seize any goods headed toward British lines. This created a dangerous environment of “Pine Robbers” and vigilante justice across the state.
1789
Although occurring shortly after the formal end of the war, February 12 marks the death of Vermont patriot Ethan Allen. He died of a stroke at age 52 at his homestead. Allen is best known for leading the Green Mountain Boys in the capture of Fort Ticonderoga alongside Benedict Arnold in May 1775.